Typewriter controller



July 1s, v1944. C, E WYRICK 2,354,082

/ TYPEWRITER CON"ll`\-OLI ,F.|`RA

Filed Aug. 13, 1941 9 Sheets-Sheet l v Inventor (UNION LWYRKK July18, 1944. cQE. wYRlcK I TYPEWRITER CONTROLLER Filed Aug. l5, 1941 9 Sheets-Sheet 2 MMWEH l Rttornegs July 18, 1944. c. E. WYRlcK 2,354,082

TYPEWRITER CONTROLLER Filed Aug. 13, 1941 9 Sheets-Sheet 5 ATTQPNEYS July 18, 1944. Q E, WYRICK 2,354,082

-TYPEWRITER CONTROLLER Filed Aug. l5, 1941 9 Sheets-Sheet 4 HE'VERSAL T0 EJECT 1575i BE lNVE. NTOR CLAYTON ENVYRHCK d Ew 94m/ AT TOPNE YS July 18, 1944. Q E WYRICK i 2,354,082-

TYPEWRITER CONTROLLER Filed Aug. l5, 1941 9 Sheets-Sheet 5 /bventor 7J CLAYTON E. wvnlcn July 1,8, 1944. c. E. www. 2,354,082

TYPEWRITER CONTROLLER l Filed. Aug. 1r, 1941k 9 sheets-sheet '7 July 18, 1944. c. E. WYRlcK n TYPEWRITER CONTROLLER .9 Sheets-Sheet 8 Filed Aug. 13, 1941 Inventor www {Wvm K b W Rttornaqs v July 18, 1944.

C. E. WYRICK TYPEWRITER CONTROLLER Filed Aug. 13, 1941 9 Sheets-Sheet 9 vmuuull,

K w K R n Y v, V W .m E. mr. @E E; r. C nNv .,.f Tl W? J .mL Lvl@ PU v Y b Atto'rnms Patented July 18, 1944 2,354,082 l TYPEWRITER coN'rRoLLER Clayton E. Wyrick, Dayton, Ohio, assigner to The Egry Register Company, Dayton, Ohio, a corporation of Ohio Application August 13, 1941, Serial No. 406,623

13 Claims.

This invention relates to an apparatus adapted to be associated with a typewriter for providing a sensitive power-driven motion to the platen of the typewrit-er for line spacing and for running paper sheets in and out of the typewriter. The invention is particularly adaptable for moving a continuous web of repeated forms through the typewriter which has sheet carbon associated with the forms which is to be removed from between the forms after the same has lbeen completely typed so that the typed form can be removed from the continuous web andv the canbon reused for typing the next successive form.

An object of the invention is to provide an apparatus adapted to be associated with a conventional typewriter for feeding continuous webs of repeated forms through the typewriter and to power drive the platen of the typewriter for line spacing of the forms.

Another object of the invention is to provide a mechanism adapted to be associated with a conventional typewriter for feeding a continuous web of repeated forms through the typewriter which web has associated therewith sheet carbon adapted to be reused l[between successive forms, the mechanism being constructed and arranged to advance the continuous web through the typewriter with the sheet carbon for a typing operation and to reverse the motion of the web to release the sheet carbon between the adjacent sheets of the continuous web, to permit the web to again advance while the carbon remains stationary, and thereby permit the typed form to be removed from the continuous web.

Another object of the invention is to provide a power mechanism for driving the platen of a typewriter, for positioning the platen for line spacing and for locating the web carried through the typewriter by the platen in a predetermined relationship to a cutting edge for permitting the 4 typed form upon the web to be removed therefrom.

Another object of the invention is to provide a typewriter controller having a carbon feeder associated therewith, which combination of mechanism is associated with a conventional typewriter in a manner that the typewriter controller automatically operates the platen of the typewriter to position a continuous fan fold form in proper relationship within a typewriter for typing the form and for reversing the motion of the fan fold form to release sheet carbon provided therebetween so that the fan fold form can again pe advanced to a tear off line and be removed from the continuous web.

Another object of the invention. is to provide a typewriter controller for driving the platen of a typewriter adapted to line space forms within the typewriter and to position the forms with respect to a tear off blade to permit each of the forms to be removed from a continuous web of forms at the proper tear off line. v

It is another object of the invention to provide a typewriter controller for automatically driving the platen of a typewriter which is eX- tremely sensitive in'its action and positive in the proper positioning of fan fold forms or continuous repeated forms within a typewriter for identical line spacing upon each of the forms.

Another object of the invention is to provide a typewriter controller which can be pre-set for typing upon particular lines of a continuous. web of repeated forms. l

It is another object of the invention to provide a power mechanism for driving the platen of the typewriter, having associated therewith a sheet carbon handling device which is adapted to move the paper webs associated with the sheet carbon handling device in a mannerto permit the sheet carbon to be removed oetween each of the forms prior to tearing the form from the continuous web of repeated forms.

It is another object of the invention to provide a power driven mechanism for driving the platen of the typewriter which controls general forward and reverse rotation of theplaten as well as line spacing by the platen in response to the operation of push button controls.

Another object of the invention is to provide a typewriter controller for operating the platen on the typewriter which will automatically position repeated forms in a predetermined position within a typewriter and will automatically line space each of the forms at identical line spaces, said mechanism Ibeing controlled by means of push buttons.

Another object of the invention is to provide a control mechanism which is initiated in operation by manual control and has the operation thereof automatically stopped at predetermined positions, each of the automatic stops in the operation of the device occurring in a predetermined sequence, which sequence of operation stops can be identically repeated.

Another object ofthe invention is to provide a mechanism in accordance with the foregoing object which is adapted to feed a Continuous web of repeated forms through a typing machine so that the sequence of operation stops occur at predetermined positions upon the repeated forms, one of which positions is the tear off position for the form.

Another object of the invention is to provide a mechanism in accordance with the foregoing object having means for pre-setting the sequence of operation stops, which sequence can be changed as needed.

Another object of the invention is to provide a controlling mechanism for operating the platen of a typing machine having a carbon feed or handling device associated therewith which is carried in a transverse motion with respect to the typing machine by means of the platen control"- ling device.

Another object of the invention is to provide a mechanism in accordance with the foregoing object wherein the carbon handling device is oated upon frictionless bearings and is provided with an apparatus which absorbs the shock of carriage movement of the typing machine.

Another object of the invention is to provide a mechanism built in. accordance. with any of the foregoing objects wherein the normal manual operation of the platen of the typing machine is not, interfered with, yet the manual operation of the platen will not effect the predetermined positioning of the paper web Within the typing machine by means of the automatic platen operating mechanism.

Another object of the invention is to provide a mechanism built in accordance with any of the foregoing objects wherein forms of the various lengths may be used.

Another object of the invention is to provide a sensitive clutch mechanism for a typing machine platen control device.

Another object of the invention is to provide a clutch mechanism for a typing machine control device which requires a minimum amount of movement of' the operating mechanism to thereby increase its sensitivity.

Another object of the invention is to provide a clutch mechanism in accordance with the foregoing object which has a power output for either advancing or reversing the rotation of the platen of the typing machine.

Further objects and advantages will become apparent from the following description and the drawings.

In the drawings t' Figure 1 is a front elevational view of' a typewriter having the mechanism of this invention associated therewith but has the motor of the mechanism removed to permit a more satisfactory showing of the mechanism.

Figure 2 is a side elevational view of a typewriter showing thel mechanism of this invention associated therewith.

Figure 3 is a simplified view of the essential elements of the mechanism to more clearly representthe operative relationship of the various parts.

Figures 4 to 8 inclusive are simplified diagrammatic views of the line spacing control shown in various steps of operation.

Figures 9 to 13 inclusive are diagrammatic simplied showings of the line spacing control mechanism and the manner of its operation with respect to the line spacing stops on the line spacing control member.

Figure 14 is a side elevational view of a portion of the control. mechanismv showing one position in the operation of the line spacing control member.

Figure 15 is an end elevational view taken in the direction of the arrow I5 of Figure 14.

Figure 16 is a view similar to Figure 14 showing another position in the operation of the line spacing control device.

Figure 17 is an elevational view of a portion of a mechanism shown in Figures 14 and 16 to illustrate the connection between the cam operating member of the control mechanisms to control movement of the rocker arm carrying the pawl mechanisms associated with the line spacing control member.

Figure 18 is an end elevational view similar y to Figure 15 but showing the rocker arm carrying the pawl mechanisms shifted to the carbon tear off position so that the upper pawl aligns with the circumferential center line of the spacing control memebr.

Figure 19 is a vertical cross-sectional View of the clutch mechanism taken substantially along line l'9--l9 of Figure 20.

Figure 20 is a horizontal cross-sectional view of. the clutch mechanism taken substantially along line 20-20 of Figure 19.

Figure 2l is a cross-sectional view of the drive mechanism interconnecting the control device with the platen of the typewriter taken substantially along line 2I-2l of Figure 2.

Figure 22 is a cross-sectional View taken substantially along line 22-22 of Figure 21.

Figure 23 is a rear elevational view of the mechanism taken in the direction of the arrow 23 of Figure 2, showing the interconnection between the carbon feeding| device and the platen controlling mechanism for absorbing the shock of motion of the typewriter carriage.

Figure 24 is a top plan View, partially in cross section, showing the association between the driving clutch, the motor and the. push button controls.

Figure 25 is a cross-sectional View taken along line 25-25 of Figure 1 showing the push button controls.

Figure 26 is a view similar to Figure 25 showing one position in the operation of the push button controls.

Figure 2'7 is a side elevational view of the motor and clutch of the platen control devicev showing the manner of mounting these elements.

Figure 28 is an end elevational View of the motor and mounting plate for the same showing the manner of mounting the motor upon the plate.

Figure 29 is a bottom elevational view of the mounting plate for the motor and clutch.

Figure 30 is a cross-sectional view taken along line 33-30 of Figure 2 showing the coupling between the motor shaft and the clutch shaft.

Figure 31 is a cross-sectional view taken along line 3|-3l of Figure 30.

Figure 32 is a plan view showing the rods upon which the carbon sheets are mounted.

The apparatus of this invention is adapted to be associated with a conventional typewriter for driving the platen of the typewriter in a manner to position the paper web carried through the typewriter by the platen in predetermined preselected positions having a predetermined sequence and to repeat the sequence upon a subsequent portion of the web, the apparatus thereby providing means for typing information upon a continuous web of repeated forms. The apparatus is in the nature of an attachment which can be associated with any conventional typewriter, it being necessary to only add a suitable gearing mechanism lupon one end of the platen of the typewriter to permit the same to be driven by the mechanism of this invention.

Referring to Figures l and 2, the typing machine platen control of this invention consists of a driving motor I connected to a clutch mechanism II through means of a coupling I2. The clutch Ii has a power output shaft I3 having a gear I4 which meshes with a gear I5 keyed upon a counter shaft I6. A line spacing and sheet length control member is mounted upon the shaft I6 and has associated therewith a stop control I8 for regulating the degree of rotation of the line spacing and sheet length control member |'I.

The aforementioned mechanism is carried upon a frame consisting of a base member I9 having vertical side frames 20 and 2l. The side frames 26 and 2| extend in an upward direction and are tied together adjacent the top edges thereof by means of the tie bar 22 which also serves to support a sheet carbon handling device 25. The shaft I6 has a gear 26 mounted upon the end thereof opposite to the gear I5, which gear 26 is associated with the gear train consisting of the gears 2l, 28 and 29. The gear 29 is mounted upon the end of a shaft 30 which is bearinged Within the vertical side frames 20 and 2| by means of the bearings 3| and 32 respectively.

A platen driving mechanism 35 is carried upon the shaft 30 and has suitable gearing associated therewith to be hereinafter described for driving the platen 36 of a typing machine 4U.

The typing machine 40 is of conventional construction consisting of a frame 39 which carries the keyboard 4|. The frame 39 supports a transversely movable carriage' 42 which in turn supports the platen 36. A type ribbon 43 is provided adjacent the platen 36 in conventional manner and is supported by the spools 44. The usualv spacing bar 45 is provided for manually rotating the platen 36 while the paper release for the pressure rollers which retain the paper in engagement with the platen 36 is operated by means of the lever 46 in the conventional manner. The end of the shaft 4l carrying the platen 36 is provided with knurled knobs 48 for manually rotating the platen 36 when desired. n

Operation of the clutch |I is controlled by means of the push buttons I), 5I and 52 for initiating actuation of the clutch mechanism to drive the platen operating mechanism for rotating the platen for line spacing or for advancing or reversing the motion of the paper within the typing machine. The apparatus of this invention is particularly adaptable for feeding a paper web consisting of a plurality of individual webs in adjacent superimposed relationship through a typing machine for line spacing the web in the machine at predetermined positions and for repeating the identical line spacings as the web is passed through the machine so that typing can be accomplished upon repeated forms upon identical lines as the continuous web is fed through the machine. The carbon handling device 25 for permitting the making of a plural number of copies upon the individual webs is of the type wherein sheet carbon is used. When passing a continuous web of repeated forms through a typing machine and when using said carbon for duplication of copies, it is necessary that the paper web and carbon shall be simultaneously fed into the machine for typing purposes. After the-typing has been completed upon one of the forms the paper web and the carbon sheets must be backed' out of the machine so that the carbon sheets will be engaged by suitable mechanism of the carbon handling device 25 to prevent the same from advancing into the machine when the paper webs are again advanced to a position which permits one of the forms to be torn from the continuous Web. Carbon handling devices for handling sheet carbon in this manner are well-known and a simplified form of such a device is shown associated with the platen control device of this invention.

The carbon handling device consists of atable 53 carried upon a bracket 54 and angularly disposed withrespect to the same. The upper end of the table 53 is provided with a recess 55 into which the rods extending through a loop provided in the end of the carbon sheets are adapted to fall when the upper edge of the carbon sheet is adjacent the recess 55. As long as the rods cooperating with the carbon sheets are in the recess 55 the sheets cannot advance when the paper web 60 is advanced into the `typing machine. A trip lever 55 pivoted at 5l, moves the carbon sheet holding rods upwardly to permit the sheets to advance when desired under control of the operator of the typing machine. i

A platen operating mechanism adapted to feed a continuous paper web with interleaved carbon sheets `of the type heretofore described through a typing machine `for form typing upon repeated form faces must be capable of several functions. The first function which must be capable of being performed is line spacing the forms with respect to the type bars of the typing machine in predetermined positions and in a proper sequence while advancing thepaper web or form through the machine. This is accomplished by mechanism which will be hereinafter more fullydescribed. The second function occurs after the form face has been completely typed, which function reverses the direction Vof movement of the paper web and the lcarbon sheets held between theadjacent sheets of .the web to cause the paper web and the carbon sheets to move upwardly along the table 53 of the carbon handling device 25 so that the edges of the carbon sheet holding barswill engage the recess 55. The third function to be accomplished by the platen controlling mechanism is to again advance the paper web through the machine to a position that the bottom edge of the form which was just typed will be adjacent a tear off blade so that the forms may be removed from the continuous web. v 4

A further function of the apparatus consists of permitting the line spacing control member to return to an initial predetermined position forv initiating forward advancement of another form through the typing machine. This last function is used when forms of a length shorter than the longest form capable of being handled by the machine are being used. A fifth function -is -to permit manual rotation of the platen of the typing machine to permit erasure of typographical errors and to return the platen to the properline without interfering with the sequence of the operation of the line spacing mechanism.

The clutch controls the power connection between the motor I6 and the operating mechanism for driving the platen 36. As shown in Figures 19 and 20 the clutch consistsof a casing 6I having a hollow interior 62 within which the clutch mechanism is positioned. The lower portion of the casing 6| is open at the top'thereof, which open portion is closed by means of a cover 63. A drive shaft 64 extends transversely of the casing 6I and is suitably bearinged in the Walls of the casing. A worm 65 is suitably secured to the drive shaft 64 and engages a worm wheel 66 pinned to a shaft 61 which extends longitudinally of the casing 6|. The shaft 61 is provided with collars 68 for positioning the same within the casing 6|. A spur gear 69 is pinned to the shaft 61 for integral rotation therewith. A clutch 10 has one element 1| thereof pinned to the shaft 61 while the other element 12 of the clutch 10 is slidably positioned upon the shaft 61.

The clutch element 1| is provided with a tooth 13 while the clutch element 12 is provided with a tooth 14, which teeth are adapted to cooperate so that the clutch element 12 is driven by the clutch element 1I when the teeth 13 and 14 are in engagement thereby driving the gear 15. The gear 15 is in meshing relationship with a gear 16 which is pinned to the output shaft I3 of the clutch I I.

An annular groove 11 is provided in the unit assembly consisting of the gear 15 and the clutch element 12 within which a shifting yoke 18 is positioned. Thev shifting yoke 18 is carried by a'collar 19 pinned upon a shaft 88 adapted to reciprocate longitudinally in order to shift the tooth 12 into cooperating relationship with the tooth 13. A spring 8| is positioned between the collar 19 and a wall of the casing 6| to urge the collar 19 in a rightward direction (as viewed in Figure 19). The end of the rod 80 is provided with a roller 82 which engages a T-bar 83 mounted upon a shaft 84 in the wall of the casing 6|.

The T-bar 83 is provided with the cam surface 85 against which the roller 82 is adapted to be positioned. When the T-bar 83 is oscillated by the shaft 84 in the direction of the arrow on the T-bar 83 the cam surface 85 will permit the rod 80 to reciprocate and thus engage the clutch.

'Ihe gear 69 of the clutch I I meshes with a gear 86 (seeFigure 20) which is pinned to a shaft positioned in the same horizontal plane with the shaft 61. The gear 86 drives the shaft associated therewith in a reverse direction to the shaft 51 so that the clutch elements 81 and 88 of the clutch 89 will rotate in a reverse direction with respect to the clutch 10. The gear 90 is integral with the clutch element 88 in the same manner as the gear 15 is integral with the clutch element 12. The gear 90 is in meshing relationship with the gear 16 and thus with the output shaft I3. The clutch 89 is shifted by means of a shifting fork carried by the collar 9| actuated by a rod 92 carrying a roller 93 which is in engagement with the T-bar 83 on the end opposite to the point of engagement of the roller 82 with the T-bar 83. The cam surface 85 extends completely across the T-bar 83 and thus in engagement with the roller 93.

The clutch mechanism herein described consists of parts having relatively light weight and since the clutch teeth of the clutching mechanisms 10 and 89 are in very close relationship when disengaged, it is only necessary that a slight force be imparted to the clutch to actuate the elements. The clutch mechanism also provides a means for driving a power output shaft I3 thereof in either direction of rotation depending upon which clutch, 10 or 89, is in engagement. The clutch mechanism herein described is shifted by means of the push button controls 5| and 52 in a manner which will be hereinafter described.

The output shaft I3 of the clutch II transmits power from the motor I0 to the gear I4 which is the first of a series of gears, I5, 26, 21, 28 and 29, comprising a gear train to the shaft 30 whereby the shaft 30 is rotated by means of the power derived from the motor I0. The gears 21 and 28 are suitably bearinged upon the ver-tical side frame 20, while the gears 29 and 26 are carried upon their respective shafts 30 and I6 (see Figure 1) A power transmitting mechanism is carried upon the shaft 30 and is adapted to transmit the rotary motion vof the shaft 30 to the platen 36. This mechanism (see Figure 2l) consists of a housing 94 journaled upon the shaft 30 and adapted to reciprocate upon the shaft in unison with the shifting of the carriage 42 of the typing machine 42. The housing 94 has an extension 95 within which an extension 96 from a housing 91 is adapted to telescope. The housing 91 is journaled upon the platen shaft 41. The telescoping extensions 95 and 96 provide means for transmitting the shifting motion of the carriage 42 of the typing machine 40 to the platen driving mechanism 35. A hollow shaft 98 is journaled within the housing 94 and has a bevel gear 99 suitably secured thereto. The interior of the hollow shaft 93 is provided with a plurality of rollers |00 which engage a keyway I0! provided in the shaft 30. The keyway IBI extends substantially the full length of the shaft 39 to permit the platen driving mechanism 35 to traverse the typing machine 40 the same distance as the carriage 42 thereof. The rotation of the shaft 30 is thus imparted to the bevel gear 99 through the rollers I 00 and the shaft 98.

A shaft I 02 is positioned axially within the extension 95 of the housing 94 and has a bevel gear |03 suitably pinned on one end thereof. A bevel gear |03 is in meshing relationship with respect to the gear 99. The shaft I 02 is bearinged in a ball bearing |04 positioned within the extension 95. The shaft |02 cooperates with the hollow shaft |66 coaxial with the extension 96 and bearinged therein by means of the bali bearing |01. The shaft |86 is provided with a recess I88 which engages a keyway |99 in the shaft |02 to provide a splined joint between the shafts |06 and |02. The opposite end of the shaft |06 carries a bevel gear IIO suitably secured to the shaft |06 which is in meshing relationship with a bevel gear I secured to the platen shaft 41.

As previously mentioned the carbon handling device 25 is floated upon the tie bar 22 by suitable anti-friction members. Specifically, the carbon handling device 25 is carried upon a frame I I5 which has a pair of rollers I i6 and I I1 adapted to rest upon the upper face of the tie bar 22. A roller ||8 engages the lower face of the tie bar 22 and thereby provides a 3-point suspension for the frame II5. The frame H5 extends downwardly behind the platen operating mechanism and has a roller II9 positioned on the lower edge thereof. The roller ||9 engages a channel |29 suitably secured to the vertical side frame 2| and the clutch II (as shown in Figure l). The roller I| 9 cooperating with the channel |20 provides means to prevent rotation of the frame H5 upon the tie bar 22. The carbon handling device 25 is carried upon the frame ||5 by the bracket 54 as previously described.

The frame II5 is free to reciprocate upon the tie bar 22. This frame, however, is interconnected with the carriage 32 of the typing machine 40 through. means of the platen driving mechanism 35. A rod |22 is secured to the frame I 5 by means of shoulders |23. The rod |22 extends through an opening in the bracket 2| extending-'from the platen driving' mechanism 35. A helical spring |24 is positioned between the shoulder |23 and a collar `|25 slidably positioned upon the rod |22. A helical spring |26 is positioned between the bracket |2| and a washer |21 secured upon the end of the rod |22. The springs |24 and |26 provide a resilient shock absorbing system between the carriage v42 of the typing machine 40 andthe frame |.|5.so that the quick motions of the carriage 42 are not transmitted directly to the frame |,|5,. thus eliminating the necessity of providing .apower means suitable for imparting a quickstart and stop motionto the mass of the frame and the car-bon handling device 25 carried thereby. The carbon handling device 25 is thus carried transversely with the carriage 42 of the typing machine 40in a smooth floating motion rather than in a jerky motion developed by the carriage 42.

In order to control the rotationv of the platen 36 and thus to control the line spacing for typing upon the web 60, acontrol mechanism is interpositioned between theclutch and the shaft 30. The control mechanism also is adapted to control the forward advancement of the paper web through the machine to a predetermined tear off line so that repeated forms on a continuous web can be removed. vThe control mechanism is also constructed and arranged to permit reversal or backing out of the paper web in order to position the carbon sheets upon the carbonhandling device in a manner to prevent a forward motion of the carbon sheets when the paper web is advanced to the position wherein the form which has just been completed is adjacent the tear 01T knife.

. The control mechanism consists of the line spacing and sheet lengthy controlling member |1. This member is in the form of a gear to the extent that the periphery thereof is provided with a series of adjacent parallel slots |28 extending transversely of the memben The member |1 being secured upon the shaft I6 is rotated with the shaft |6 whenever the saine is driven by the clutch Y A rocker arm |30 is pivoted upon a pin |3| secured within a stud |32 mounted upon the casing 6| of the clutchr (see Figures 14 and 15). A pawl |33 is pivoted upon a pin |34 upon the upper end of the rocker arm |30 while a pawl |35 is pivoted on a pin |36 upon the lower end of the rocker arm |30. Helical springs |31 provide a balanced system maintaining the pawl |33 in a predetermined position, while springs |38 provide a balanced spring system for maintaining the pawl |35 in a predetermined position. Set screws |36 are provided in the rocker arm |30 for adjusting the tension of the springs |31 and |38 to provide the necessary balance therebetween. The pawls |33 and- |35 are adapted to cooperate with keys |40 positioned in the slots |28 upon the line spacing control member |1 for actuating the rocker arm |30 in a manner hereinafter described.

A secondary lever |4| is pivotally carried upon the pin |3| and is provided with a pin |42 which extends into a hole |43 in the rocker arm |30. 'Ihe secondary level` |4| is connected by vmeans of the link 2|2 to a cam plate |44 pivoted at |45. The cam plate |44 is connected toa link |46 which is secured to a rod |41 by means ofan interconnecting link |48. The' rod |41 has a link 49'secured tothe opposite end thereof which has a bar |50 pivotally secured to the free end of the link |49, as indicated at .|5|. The bar |50 is provided with a recess |52 in one side thereof which engages a cylindrical member |53 provided upon the sidewall of the control buttons 5| and 52 (see Figure-26).

As shown in Figures 14, 16 and particularly in Figure 3, the cam plate |44 is provided with a cam surface |54 vwhich substantially forms a V in the edge thereof. The cam surface |54 terminates in the sharp edges |55 and |56 from which cam-surfaces |51 and |58 extend in an'opposite direction to the'cam surface |54. An arm |59 is pivotallymounted upon a pin |60 extending from the casing 6| of the clutch The arm |59 has a roller |29 which engages the cam surface heretofore described and is retained in engagement with that surface by means of a torsion spring |6|. The arm |59 in cooperation Ywith the cam plate |44 provides means for developing a snap acting movement in theoperatingmechanism in a manner hereinafter described.

A vcontrol actuating mechanism is provided for shifting the pawl |33 transverselywith respect to the periphery of the line spacingmember |1 in order to bring the pawl |33 into alignment with the median line of the transverse dimension of the member |1 for reasons which will be hereinafter explained. This mechanism consists of a vertically positioned rod |62 rotatably mounted within suitable brackets |63 extending from the side wall of the clutch (see Figure 24) Opposite ends of the rod |62 are provided with arms |64 and |65 which form abellcrank lever. The arm |64 engages a rod |66 slidably 'positioned within the studs 32 and |61 extending from the casing of the clutch The opposite end of thel rod |66 engages the rocker arm |30 to transversely move the same with respect to the line spacing member |1. The pin |42 extending from the secondary lever I 4| lpermits the transverse shifting of the rocker arm |30 without losing the driving connection between the rocker arm |30 and the actuating lever system extending from the cam plate |44.

'I'he arm |65 engages the end of a. reciprocating rod |68 positioned Within the casing |68 provided for the control actuating buttons 50, 5| and 52. A control actuating button 50 is positioned upon the end of the rod |68.

A helical spring. |10 is positioned between the rocker arm |30 and an enlarged head 1| pro.- vided on the pivot pin |3| (see Figure 15), whereby the rocker arm |30 is normally maintained in the position shown iln Figure 15 against the end of the rod |66. The rod |66 is prevented from movement in a leftwarcl direction as viewed in Figure 24 by means of a stop pin' |12 provided on the arm 68 which engages` a transverse partition |18 provided in the casing k|69.

The stop button controls 5| and 52 are mounted upon a common U-shaped lever |13 which is pivoted at |14 to the casing |69. A pair of ears |15 extend from the arm |13 and are adapted to engage the under side of a leaf spring |16 opposite ends of which are secured to the casing |69. The leaf spring |16 centralizes the position of the control buttons 5| and 52 (as shown in Figure The stop button control 50 extends through the front face of the casing |69 for operation in a straight reciprocatory motion. Y

'Ihe arm |13 isv provided with a cylindrical pin |53 previously mentioned for engaging the recess |52 in the arm |50. The arm |50 rests upon a set screw |11 threaded through a partition |18 within the casing |89. The recess |52 is provided with a V-shaped forward and rear wall, |19 and |80 respectively. The sharp edge of the V when in normal position (as shown inFigure 25) is arranged to be at or slightly below the axial center of the pin |53. When one of the push buttons or 52 has been pressed to pivot the arm |13 about the pivot |14 the axial center of the pin |53 drops below the sharp edge of the V-shaped walls |19 and |80 whereby any excess movement which is imparted to the rod |50 through any accidental means would cause the rod |50 to rise over the pin |53 to prevent jamming of the operating mechanism. The set screw |11 is provided for adjusting the horizontal relationship between the sharp edge of the V-shaped walls |19 and |80 with respect to the axial center of the pin |53.

The motor |0 drives the clutch mechanism through means of a friction coupling |85. This coupling |85 (see Figure 30) consists of a flywheel |88 and receives the end of the motor shaft |90. The forward face of the flywheel |88 is provided with a boss |9| which has a finished surface thereon to engage a leather key sitioned within a slot |93 provided in a coupling member |94 journaled upon the motor shaft |90. The coupling member |94 is secured to the motor shaft |90 by means of the set screw |95. The face of the coupling member |94 is provided with a cylindrical recess |98 which is just slightly larger in diameter than the boss |9| on the face of the flywheel |88. The leather key |92 is provided with a hole |91 through which the motor -shaft |90 extends.

The coupling member |94 is advanced toward the face of the boss |9| on the flywheel |88 until the face of the leather key |92 is in tight surface engagement with the surface of the boss |9|. The set screw |95 is then tightened upon the motor shaft |90 to secure the coupling member |94 in position. This arrangement provides a friction drive from the motor to the clutch which permits slippage between the motor drive and the clutch should the clutch become jammed.

The clutch and -the motor V|0 rare secured to a common mounting plate |98. The clutch is provided with three extending legs |99 which are secured to the mounting plate |98 by means of the screws 200. |The motor |0is supported upon the mounting plate .by means of the rubber grommets or blocks Two of these support members are provided for positioning the motor upon the mounting plate |98. A rubber grommet 202 is provided vadjacent the bottom surface of the mounting plate |98 and a screw 203 extends through the rubber mounting members 202 and 20| into` threaded engagement with the motor l0.

The rubber mounting members 20| and 202 provide a .certain amount of resiliency to the mounting means so that the shaft |90 of the motor can be properly aligned with the `bore |89 provided in the flywheel |88. By either tightening or loosening the screws 203 the motor shaft |90 can bel shifted vertically or angularly with respect to the vertical, limited only by the degree of compressibility by the rubber mounting members 20| and 202. Such a mounting provides a very accurate method of aligning the motor shaft |90 with the driving shaft 84.

The friction drive device just described provides a safety feature between the motor |0 and the clutch An additional safety device is provided between the clutch and the gear I5.

This device (see Figure 1) consists of a friction disc 204 retained in engagement with the gear |5 by means of the clutch plate 205I and a leaf spring 208. Tension is appliedto the leaf spring 208 by means of the bolt -201 threaded upon the end of the shaft |8. The clutch thus has a safety element on both sides thereof to vprotect the delicate operating mechanism.

In Figures 3 to 13 inclusive there is shown a diagrammatic and simplified arrangement of the operating mechanism of this invention showing certain of the elements in various positions in their operation. By referring to these figures in the following description the full operation of the device will become apparent.

As previously mentioned the controlling device of this invention is particularly adaptable for controlling the operation of the platen of a typewriter for advancing a continuous web of repeated forms through the typewriter in a manner that preselected lines upon the forms can be automatically brought into alignment with the typing bars, the apparatus being constructed and arranged so that the selected lines of the repeated forms will be brought into alignment with the typing bars in a selected sequence, the sequence being repeated for each of the forms as typing proceeds upon the various forms. In addition, the apparatus is adapted to reverse the motion of continuous web forms to permit release of sheet carbon and to again advance the continuous web to bring the bottom edge of the typed form adjacent a tear off blade 2|0 so that the typed form can be torn from the continuous web. All of these operations are automatically carried out after being initiated by means of push button controls.

In order to set the typewriter platen controlling device for typing a particular form and particular lines on that Vform the line spacing keys |40 are positioned within the teeth or grooves |28 yof the control Wheel I1. The line spacing keys |40 are positioned on the left hand side of the wheel I1 (as viewed in Figure 3), key |40a representing the last line spacing key for the form. Since sheet carbon is used between the adjacent forms of the continuous web the paper web must be reversed in its motion to permit release of the carbon from between the f forms. A key |4812` is positioned upon the right hand side of the wheel |1 and is adapted to engage the lower pawl |35 to stop the reversing motion when the carbon has been moved upon the carbon handling device 25 to a position that it is free from the paper webs. The paper web must then be advanced to permit the bottom edge of the form to be brought adjacent to the tear oif knife 2|0. A tear off key |40c is positioned in the center line of the periphery of the wheel i1 and is adapted to engage the upper pawl |33 to stop the mechanism when the bottom edge of the form is adjacent the tear off knife 210. The keys |40, |40a, |401) and |40c, as set up in Figure 3, are positioned in their proper relative positions for automatically controlling the movement of the platen of the typing machine 40 for properly moving the paper web therein.

Figures 4 to 8 diagrammatically represent the respective operations produced by the typewriter controlling device. Figure 4 shows the control wheel |1 in position to start a typing operation upon a form. The uppermost key |40 has just actuated the pawl |33 to stop the paper web vat lure 10).

the heading line or first line of typing upon the form. The electric motor is rotating continuously during the operation of the machine, the driving motion being interrupted by the clutch I To advance the web 60 to the next line of typing the advance button is pressed downwardly thereby pivoting the arm |13 about the pivot pin |14 to shift the bar |50 in a. forward direction (as viewed in Figure 3). Shifting of this bar |50 transmits rotary motion to the shaft |41 to cause the links |46 and |48 to push upwardly upon the cam plate |44 and thus rotate the shaft 84 of the clutch When the cam plate |44 is rotated in an lupwardly direction two simultaneous operations occur. The T-bar 83 of the clutch is rotated to permit the clutch control bar 80 to advance and thereby cause engagement of the clutching mechanism to drive the gear I4 and thus-the shaft I6 and the control wheel I1. ing motion is transmitted through the gear train, 26, 21, 28 and 29, to the driving rod 30 and .thus to the platen driving mechanism for rotating the platen to advance the paper web 60.

The second operation initiated by the rotation of the cam plate |44 consists of transmitting motion through the link system from the cam plate |44 to the rocker arm |30 to cause the rocker arm |30 to rotate in a forward direction (as viewed in Figure 3) thereby bringing the pawl |33 adjacent the control wheel i1.

A snap action is provided for this motion and for instantly engaging the clutch mechanism by means of the cam surface |54 on the ycam plate |44. Movement of the push button' 5| rotates the cam plate |44 to bring the edge |55 of the cam surface |54 adjacent the roller |29 whereby the roller |29 throws the cam plate |44 over center and rides upon the face |51. The spring |6| provides the force required forthe snap acting operation.

When the pawl |33 is brought into adjacent relationship with respect to the wheel I1 the forward edge of the pawl |33 is positioned ahead of the next Successive key |40. The clutch has been engaged whereby the wheel is being driven in a forward direction represented bythe arrow on the wheel |1 of Figure 3, and by the larrows on Figures 9 to 13'. The key |40 engages the pawl |33 to cause the rocker arm |30 to move in a rearward direction (as shown in Fig- The rearward motion of the rocker arm |30 causes the lever system between the rocker arm and the cam plate |44 to move the cam plate in a forward direction (as viewed in Figure 3) until the roller |29 is adjacent the edge |55 of the cam surface |54. Slight additional movement of the cam plate |44 then causes the roller |29 to engage the declining surface |54 and rapidly move the cam plate to open the clutch mechanism and complete the returning movement of the rocker arm |30. The position of the rocker arm |30 with respect ltothe key |40 is shown in Figure 11.

When the pawl |33 is again advanced by the rocker arm |30 due to movement of the push "button 5| the edge of the pawl |33 may strike the upper edge of the key |40 (as shown in Figure 12). The balancing springs. |31 permit the pawl to move in a rearward direction until the key |40 is cleared, the lower spring |31 then moving the pawl into the position shown in Figure 13:so that the next subsequent key |40A may engage the pawl-,|33 to return the rocker arm 30 as heretofore described. .L

This driv- Each time the operator of the typing Amachine desires to line space the machine the push button 5| is pressed and the function heretofore described produced, each of the keys |40 halting the forward advancement of the paper web at the proper linefor typing.

Since sheet carbon is used between the adjacent sheets of the web 60 it is now necessary to reverse the motion of the paper web to permit release of the carbon sheets. The reverse button 52 is now pressed to cause the bar |50 to move in a rearward direction and therefore transfer motion to the cam plate |44 to rotate the same downwardly and thus permit the control bar 92 of the clutch I| to permit engagement of the clutching mechanism 89 whereby the gear I4 Will be rotated in a reverse direction and thus reverse rotation will be transmitted to the platen through the power driving system heretofore described. The reverse rotation of the platen will continue until the carbon reverse key |40 strikes the lower pawl |35 which functions in the same manner as the pawl |33 to halt rotation of the control wheel I1 and the platen 36 of the typing machine. The carbon sheets will now be in position to be retained by the carbon handling device to permit the adjacent sheets of the paper web tobe advanced through the typing machine to a position that the lower edge of the form just typed will be adjacent the tear off knife 2|0.

To control the position of the paper web in this operation the push buttons 50 and 5| are simultaneously depressed. The push button 5| initiates the advancing motion of the paper web in the manner heretofore described. Rearward motion of the push button 50 causes the rocker arm |30 to be shifted to the right (as viewed in Figure 3 and as shown in position in Figure 18) to bring the pawl |33 into alignment with the center line of the wheel |1. The forward motion of the wheel |1 continues until the tear off key |40c strikes the pawl |33 and causes disengagement of the clutch in the manner heretofore described.

It will of course be understood that the vposi-w tion of the tear off key with respect to the carbon reverse key is such that the tear off key will not be positioned between the pawls |33 and |35 when the. carbon reverse key |40b is adjacent the pawl |35. If the tear off key |40c should be positioned between the pawls the machine would not advance to the tear off line but rather would advance by a short distance and the. tear off key |40c would stop the machine.

After the control wheel |1 has been rotated to bring the tear off key |40c adjacent the pawl |33 to stop the advancement ofthe paper web through the machine the top edge of the next successive form will be adjacent the tear off knife 2|0 by the first key |40 representing the top edge of the form sheet. The form sheet will be in proper position to permit indexing `of the web to the rst typing line represented by the second key |40, but the control wheel |1 will not be in proper position if a short form is being used in the machine. To bring the control wheel |1 into the proper position .the paper release bar 46 of the typing machine 40 is moved manually to release the pressure rollers from the paper web passing under the platen 36. The platen 36 can now be rotated without advancing the paper web through the machine. The advance button 5I is now depressed to rotate the control Wheel I1 until the rst key |40 strikes the pawl |33 to stop the machine. This operation resets the wheel Il so that subsequent line spacing will be accomplished in the same sequence as upon the form which was just removed from the machine.

It is of course understood that after the wheel Il has been preset to its initial starting position that the carbon sheets will be released from the carbon handling device 25 so that they can advance through the machine with the paper web 6l] Iwhen it is advanced to the first typing lin'J by the first indexing operation.

Having thus fully described my invention what I claim as new and desire to secure by Letters Patent is:

1. A control mechanism for the platen ci a typing machine comprising a motor, a clutch connected to said motor, means for transmitting power from said clutch to said platen, means driven concomitantly with said power transmitting means for controlling rotation of said platen, means associated with said controlling means for regulating the degree of forward or rearward rotation of said platen, manually actuated means for concomitantly initiating engagement of said clutch and positioning of said re'gulating means into active cooperation with said platen controlling means, means carried by said platen controlling means for automatically causingr disengagement of said regulating means therefrom after a predetermined movement of said platen control means, and manually actuated means for moving said regulating means with respect to said platen controlling means to position said regulating means with respect to said platen controlling means to permit said platen controlling means to rotate said platen a predetermined amount to advance a predetermined length of paper sheet over said platen.

2. A typewriter platen controller comprising a motor, clutch means connected to said motor, a power shaft, means for transmitting power from said clutch means to said power shaft, means slidable upon said power shaft having means rotatable with said shaft for transmitting power therefrom to the platen of a typing machine, means for regulating movement of said platen comprising a wheel rotatable concomitantly with said power shaft having a plurality of protrusions extending therefrom, pawl means cooperating with said wheel for disengaging said clutch means upon engagement of one of said protrusions, and manual means for engaging said clutch means and resetting said pawl means for engagement with another of said protrusions.

3. A controller for the platen of a typing machine adapted to rotate said platen for line spacing and for forward and rearward movement of a paper sheet over said platen comprising a motor, clutch means connected to said motor having means for forward and reverse rotation of the output shaft of said clutch means, means for connecting the output shaft of said clutch means to a power shaft, means slidable upon said power shaft having means for transmitting power from said shaft to the platen of a typing machine, means for regulating rotation oi' said power shaft comprising a control member having a plurality of selectively removable keys thereon to regulate rotation of said control member, pawl means pivotally arranged adjacent said control member for engagement with said keys, and manual means for simultaneously engaging said clutch and moving said pawl means adjacent one of said keys, said key causing said pawl means to vreturn to a neutral position and thereby disengage said clutch.

4. -A controller for the platen of a typing machine a'dapted to rotate said platen for line lspacing and for forward and rearward movement of a paper sheet over said platen com pris-ing a motor, clutch means connected to lsaid motor having means for forward and reverse rotation of the output shaft of said clutch means, means for connecting the output shaft of said clutch -means to a power shaft, means slidable upon said power shaft having means for transmitting power from said shaft to the platen of a typing machine, means for regulating rotation of said power shaft comprising a control member having a plurality of selectively removable keys thereon to regulate rotation of said control member, pawl means pivotally arranged adjacent said control member for engagement with said keys, manual means for simultaneously engaging said clutch and moving said pawl means adjacent one of said keys, said key causing said pawl means to return to a neutral position and thereby disengage said clutch, and means interposed between said manual actuating means and said pawl means to produce a snap acting movement of said pawl means and said clutch means.

5. A controller for the platen of a typing machine adapted to rotate said platen for line spacing and for forward and rearward movement of a paper sheet over said platen comprising a motor, clutch means connected to said motor having means for forward and reverse rotation of the output shaft of said clutch means, means for connecting the output shaft of said clutch means to a power shaft, meansslidable upon said power shaft having means for transmitting power from said shaft to the platen of a typing machine, means for regulating rotation of said power shaft comprising a control member having a plurality of selectively removable keys thereon to regulate rotation of said control member and disposed at different positions transversely of said control member, pawl means pivotally arranged adjacent said control member movable transversely of said control member to aligny with different keys for engagement with said keys, a first manual means for simultaneously engaging said clutch and moving said pawl means adjacent one of said keys, and a second manual means for transversely moving said pawl with respect to sai-d control member for bringing the same into alignment with other keys, said keys engaging said pawl means upon rotation of said control member to return said pawl means to neutral position and thereby disengage said clutch.

6. A typewriter controller comprising a power source, a reversing mechanism driven by said power source having means for selecting its direction of rotation, a control member for regulating the rotation of the platen of a typewriter, means drivingly connecting said control member with the platen to rotate the same, means associated with said control member for regulating the degree of rotation thereof, manual means for engaging said reversing mechanism with said control member to drive said control member and to position said regulating means in active cooperation with said control member, and means carried by said control member for actuating said regulating means to disengage said reversing mechanism and thereby stop said control member.

'7. An apparatus for driving the platen of a writing machine comprising. a power source, a reversing mechanism driven by said power source having selectively engageable means for controlling the direction of rotation of the output shaft of the reversing mechanism, a control member driven by the output shaft lof said reversing mechanism, means connecting said control member with the platen of a writing machine to rotate the same, means associated with said control member for regulating the rotation thereof ineither direction,` and manually actuated means for selectively engaging said selectively engageable means to control the direction of rotation of said control member and to simultaneously select the position' of said regulating' means to place the same in active co-operation with said control member according to the direction of rotation thereof as selected by said manual means. Y

8. An apparatusr for driving the platen of a writing machine comprising a powerv source, a

reversing mechanism driven by said power source having selectively engageable means for controlling the direction of rotation of the output shaft of the reversing mechanism, a control member driven by'the output shaft of said reversing mechanism, means connecting said control member with the platen of a Writing machine to rotate the same, means associated with said control member for regulating the rotation thereof in either direction, and manually actuated means for selectively engaging said selectively engageable means to control the direction of rotation of said control member and to simultaneously select the position of said regulating means to place the same in active co-operation with said control member according to the direction of rotation thereof as selected by said manual means, said manual means including a pair of button controls for selectively actuating said selectively engageable means through a single lever system connected thereto.

9. An apparatus for controlling the operation of a platen of a writing machine comprising a power source, a reversing mechanism driven by said power source having selectively engageable means for controlling the direction of rotation of the output shaft of said reversing mechanism, a control member driven by said reversing mechanism for controlling the lrotation o f the platen of the writing machine, means for drivingly connecting said control member to the ,platen to rotate the same, protrusions on said control member for controlling the line spacing of the platen in a predetermined sequence of spacings, an independent protrusion on said control member separate from said rst mentioned protrusions for controlling the reverse rotation of the platen to regulate the reverse throw-out position of a sheet of paper engaged by the platen, regulating means associated with said control member for selectively engaging said protrusions thereon to control the rotation thereof in either direction, and manual means for selectively engaging said selectively engageable means of said reversing mechanism to select the rotation of said control member and simultaneously selectively position said regulating means in active co-operation with one of either of said protrusions on said control member to control the same either for line spacing in a sequential order or to reverse the same to the reverse throw-out position.

of a platen of a Writing machine comprising in combination, a power source, a reversing mechanism driven by said power. source having selectively engageable means for selecting the direction of rotation of an output shaft of said reversing mechanism, a control member driven by said output shaft, means for drivingly connecting said control member with the platen of the writing machine, said control member having stop means thereon adapted to .be arranged in a selected sequence for producing a Yselected line spacing operation by the platen, stop means on said control member for controlling reverse rotation of the platen to release sheets from pressure engagement with the platen, means associated with said-control member forv regulating the de- 10. An apparatus for controlling the rotation gree ofrotation thereof in either direction, and manually operable means for actuating said selectively engageable means to select the direction of rotation of said' control member and simultaneously ,selectively actuate said regulating means to control the forward or reverserotation of said control member and thus control the platen in its rotation for line spacing or for release of sheets from platen pressure upon reversal thereof.

l1. An apparatus for controlling the rotation of a. platen of a writing' machine comprising in combination, a power source, a.: reversing mechanism driven by said power source having selectively engageable means for selecting the direction of rotation of an output shaft of said reversing mechanism, a control member driven by said output shaft, means for drivingly connecting said control member with the platen of the writing machine, said control member having stop means thereon adapted to be arranged in a selected sequence for producing a selected line spacing operation by the platen, stop means on said control.

member for controlling reverse rotation of the platen to release sheets from pressure engagement with the platen, means associated with said control member for regulating the degree of rotation thereof in either direction, and manually operable means for actuating said selectively engageable means to select the direction of rotation of said control member and simultaneously selectively actuate said regulating means to control thev forward or reverse rotation of said control member and thus control the platen in its rotation for line spacing or for release of sheets from platen pressure upon reversal thereof, said manually operable means including a pair of control buttons for actuating a single lever mechanism to selectively actuate said selectively engageable means.

12. An apparatus for controlling the rotation of a platen of a. writing machine comprising in combination, a power source, a reversing mechanism driven by said power source having selectively eng-ageable means for selecting the direction of rotation of an output shaft of said reversing mechanism, a control member driven by said output shaft, means for drivingly connecting said control member with the platen of the writing machine, said control member having stop means thereon adapted to be arranged in a selected sequence for producing a selected line spacing operation by the platen, stop means on said control member for controlling the reverse rotation of the platen to release sheets from pressure engagement with the platen, stop means on said control member independent of said line spacing stop means for regulating the maximum forward rotation of the platen, means associated with said control member engageable by said stop means for regulating the degree of rotation thereof in either direction, .manually .operable .means 4for actuating .said selectivelyengageable means :to select the direction of rotation of said Y.control member and simultaneously vselectively actuate said regulating means to control theforwa-rdor reverse rotation of said control member and thus control the platenin its rotation for line spacing or for release of the transfer sheets from platen pressure, and a second manually operable means for actuating said regulating means to po-sition the` same in operative association with said independent line spacing means. v

13. An apparatus for. controlling the rotation of a platen of a writing machine for use with continuous webs of repeated forms that have transfer sheets disposed therebetween adapted to be shifted between subsequent forms for reuse in producing data upon Athe forms .comprising in combination, a power source, ay reversing mechanism driven by .said power sourcehaving selectively engageable means vfor .selecting the direction-.of rotation of an .outputshaft of said reversing mechanism, .a control member driven by said .output shaft, meansfor drivingly connecting said control member with the platen of the writing machine, said kcontrol member having stop means thereon adapted tobe arranged inaselected sequence for producing a selected line spacingoperation by the platen, asecond stop means on said control mem ber for controlling reverse rotation of the platen to release sheets from pressure engagement with the platen, a third `stop means on said control member for regulating the maximum forward rotation of the platen., means associated with said control member engageable with said stop means for regulating the degree of rotation thereof in either direction, manually operable means for actuating said selectively engageable means to select the direction of rotation of said control member and simultaneously selectively actuate said regulating. means to control the forward or reverse rotation of said control member and thus control the platen in its rotation for line spacing or for release of the transfer sheets from platen pressure, said manually operable means including a pair of control buttons for actuating a single lever mechanism to selectively actuate said selectively engageable means to control line spacing of the platen and reverse rotation thereof, and a third control button for moving said regulating means with respect to said control member to cause engagement of the regulating means with the third stop means to control forward rotation of the platen.

CLAYTON E. WYRICK. 

